Childhood Constructions Free Essays

Youth is the timeframe extending from earliest stages to immaturity (high school) phase of life. Issues, hypotheses and ideas have been advanced endeavoring to put some significance to youth. For example the advanced society sees youngsters as aloof and making due at the kindnesses of the more extensive society. We will compose a custom paper test on Youth Constructions or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Grown-ups don't try to take in anything from the kids and they accept that adolescence is a period intended to change kids into reliable grown-ups. There is a need to see adolescence contrastingly to have the option to react emphatically to their necessities and to comprehend the phase as critical in helping us get adulthood and mankind when all is said in done. In actuality, youth encounters, assumes a fundamental job in forming the later phases of life. Adolescence is seen as a social structure, which decides the perfect establishments where appropriate youth improvement would be guaranteed. By and large, social structures offer the two open doors one is presented to and impediments are controlled by a child’s financial foundation and its physical blessings (Stearns, 2003). A kid in perfect circumstance is relied upon to have two guardians who give everything and guarantee moral uprightness. The youngster is given sufficient opportunity to unwind and has kin. The guardians are relied upon to give security and offices to play. Guardians begin arrangements for the newborn child long path before the mother conveys the child. In any case, as far as youth advancement, from a chronicled point of view, the early American culture never commended earliest stages. Adolescence was described by missing parental consideration, high pace of newborn child mortality. There was not time for taking the child through all the phases of development and advancement. Where guardians were absent because of reasons like demise, small kids were accused of the errand of dealing with the others. Be that as it may, great ethics were maintained all through. Youngster work was pervasive just as early relationships. In the late 1700s and mid 1800 there was developing worry on youth. Somewhere in the range of 1840s and 1900s financial changes occurring reformed the perfect of kid childhood. Guardians turned out to be increasingly worried about kids; they began stressing on youngster instruction. A logical angle was fused in kid raising whereby youngster advancement was firmly checked. Racial concerns emerged. Modern advancement prompted improved norms of life and diminished youth passings. Be that as it may, a few youngsters particularly of outsider families were still in bondage. These kids were ineffectively rewarded exposed to much work and not permitted to experience formal training. A few kids wound up in shelters where legitimate consideration was guaranteed. Other kids disappeared and still others would wind up kicking the bucket. In the twentieth century kids were viewed as of monetary worth. They offered modest work acquiring exceptionally required wages in the family. There was a rising need to involve the children with work to debilitate laxity. In the contemporary society youngsters are seen starting at less monetary worth. Infact youth is viewed as a monetary obligation. Youngsters, spend a greater amount of parents’ budgetary assets than they add to the equivalent. Youthful children’s impression of things in the US and the world everywhere has been exposed to various impacts. Their entrance to data materials and contraptions like TV, video and PC opens them to a wide field of information. These triggers and invigorate a psychological procedure that creates an enhanced impression of issues to do with life. For example, programs on TV and recordings demonstrating present day family life would contact issues like youngsters rights. Kids obtain information on family gives like the job of guardians in a family, profession, and family clashes among different issues at an exceptionally young age. It isn't astonishing to understand that a few projects featuring essential family gives like separation, partition, kid misuse show up on screen long path before the children surrender to rest. Indeed, the media has caused the youngsters to feel like they are their own guardians. It is significant that in certain projects, grown-up voices and discernments have been superimposed on exceptionally little youngsters. Sentimental film cuts and real projects are not uncommon on TVs in the early night hours. This undoubtedly impacts children’s view of issues to do with sexuality, love, loathe and social clashes. In certain films, a character ends it all, murder or makes turmoil in their endeavor either communicate or to escape inconvenience. Every one of these happenings will undoubtedly demonstrate the character and character of kids since they are additionally presented to comparable conditions in this world. No big surprise instances of youthful expert sharpshooters have been accounted for in the ongoing past in our general public. The best test and hazard is that guardians and gatekeepers can't practice full command over what their youngsters experience and their introduction to data materials. Youngsters can for all intents and purposes get to any data anyplace regardless of whether they are denied access at home. Because of social-financial issues a few guardians have wound up in genuine clashes. A man and his significant other dole out retributions genuinely when reason neglects to profit answers for their problems that are begging to be addressed. This has presented numerous kids to absolute savagery and the vast majority of them see this world as a cruel and disorganized place and some create hostility in their offer to vanquish life’s challenges. Opposite end up savage when their strategies neglect to work. Kids face testing and clashing circumstances both at home and away from home. With expanding social-financial difficulties, offspring of the world are presented to circumstances that impact their character and character early. Numerous guardians who are particularly enthusiastic about kid advancement are extremely on edge and somewhat disturbed because of the falling apart ethics and social qualities. Malicious is taught in children’s lie s at beginning times of child’s improvement and a few overseers are just observing frantically as their youngsters disappear in the soil of good rottenness. Guardians and watchmen are progressively worried about the consequences provided the guidance the current (present day) society has taken. For example, sedate use and maltreatment at youth stages. Medication use is an ordinary thing in schools. It involves incredible worry since a medication dependent youthful age spells fate to the fate of the general public. Absence of temperance among the young people would result to deteriorating social-monetary frameworks. The other pestering issue is about the waning enthusiasm for tutoring. Youngsters appear to seek after diversion and snappy cash workers to the detriment of a proper arrangement of realizing, which joins all parts of human development improvement. This delivers a dull; dump and ridiculous club that would come up short on the remotest thought of how to continuously run the financial parts of our general public. Fun focuses are constantly clogged. Youths are seeking after distinction and cash (riches) no matter what in certain cases with desperate outcomes. The youthful age is by all accounts hauling the whole society into Hades. Learning organizations appear to structure their projects to suit the impulses of the students this essentially being an aftereffect of consistent articulation of dread and uneasiness by guardians whose children’s execution become terrible. The dread by the guardians is that the youngsters will undoubtedly create lack of engagement in instruction if their exhibition exacerbates. There is an expanding want to score high evaluations and join better and profoundly positioned higher learning establishments. The individuals who neglect to quantify up resort to amusement parlors. A notice of physical development, wellness or stance would cause some passionate tremor. This is an issue of incredible worry among Americans. High monetary improvement rate has caused numerous youngsters to manage the cost of high calorific nourishments. Dietary patterns have changed and instances of heftiness have been expanding for quite a while. Be that as it may, the expanding worries about the issue of body size, weight, stance and wellness is the purpose for the quick pace of development of the design excellence and displaying industry. This brings up a horde of issues about the degree to which the youngsters ought to be permitted to settle on choices about their physical and passionate turn of events. Most guardians are amazingly on edge about the advancements that may emerge over the span of development and improvement of their kids. Lanes trodden by youths battling to tolerate gigantic weight are ordinary in America. The issue of physical advancement among other social difficulties influences a child’s confidence. For example, an obesed youngster is probably going to grow low confidence. Poor scholarly execution would likewise effectsly affect the confidence of a kid. Guardians are particularly worried about dietary patterns of their kids however it despite everything stays an equivocal issue since numerous diners are being set up offering unhealthy and alluring nourishments. What drives the adolescents to such dietary patterns and poor dietary projects stays a dubious riddle. As the guardians fight with the issue of food, one would point a denouncing finger at them since some desert their obligation as moms at beginning periods of youngster improvement. For example, some because of vocations quit breastfeeding a few days after conveyance. The obligation of taking care of the youngster lays solidly on sitters, some of who may either need significant information on legitimate eating routine or others out of insubordination dump undesirable nourishments into the child’s stomach. A youngster graduates to high school with a similar issue. Fatigue is an inclination that would very well depict the passionate direction of most young people in our general public. Each proper framework is by all accounts a drag to the youthful age. Homework is exhausting and many are hesitant to seek after advanced education. Guardians are particularly conce

Free Speech -- Freedom of Speech Essays

          In request to discover truth to anything, one must cause different recommendations, to pose numerous inquiries, and in some cases contemplate the unspeakable. Without doing as such, there would be no procedure of disposal; along these lines, truth would be basically out of reach. Presently, in our endeavors to either discover truth, express our convictions and feelings, or by and large utilize the rights we are given naturally, we are frequently being censured and even reproved. Our opportunity to voice our opinion(s) is being tested, as pundits of free discourse are disapproving of what appears everything without exception just questionable and seemingly bias. As individuals keep on making progress toward a country liberated from partiality and segregation, where everybody is equivalent, protected and cheerful, they neglect the result of making such a domain. Without various convictions, hypotheses, sentiments and discussion, we will never progress as a people. All we would be left to do is think and talk the equivalent, and accept similar convictions. Our psyches will not, at this point have the option to go crazy with splendid, and now and then disputable, musings; however, regardless of whether they did, we wouldn't have the option to vocalize any of it. Despite the fact that it is soothing to believe that there will come when no one will say or do anything hostile and partiality is lessened, actually a country without the opportunity to voice anything dubious, stubborn , and even bias, is not really attractive as we will be denied of scholarly opportunity and truth.                It is anything but difficult to ponder whether there truly is such a mind-bending concept as free discourse; even better, total free discourse. (â€Å"Free† meaning unlimited and without outcomes) Sure, most of us state anything we desire, when we need, to whom we need, however there are a few situations where our discourse is not really free. There has been numerous cases where entanglements and discussions have ascended over marginal remarks, words, and so forth. Individuals are being informed that they can say anything they desire and trust in; notwithstanding, numerous individuals are confronting claims and even ramifications for doing as such. All things considered, one could ponder whether there is deficiency in our constitution that is permitting individuals to be condemned for rehearsing their privileges. In any case, it isn't generally residents who are being tested by the administration for maltreatment of free discourse. In his article, â€Å"In Defense Of Prejudice†, Jonathan Ra... ...arrangement is to ask which is increasingly significant: precluding language that could incite or irritate individuals (and in this way forbid any kind of resistance) or permit individuals to thoroughly consider of the standard and unique in relation to what is considered ethically worthy? Complying with oversight can just prompt quieting our voices and eventually thin our contemplations and brains. To chance hearing incredible voices in the public eye as a result of who they may outrage isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. It appears that individuals are being outraged by remarks that they permit to infiltrate their confidence and sense of pride. Being secure enough in your own convictions and yourself is the most ideal approach to deal with what might be viewed as hostile discourse. Permit individuals to feel, think and talk in an unexpected way; for there is doubtlessly when we have said or will say something inducing to somebody, whether or not it was deliberate or mixed up. We can't permit such examples to compel our entitlement to voice our suppositions. Controlling discourse may restrict residents from talking about unsuitable and provocative issues; be that as it may, those emotions and convictions will in any case wait. Despite the fact that they won't be communicated verbally, they will definitely be communicated somehow.

When Your Child Is Resistant to Therapy

When Your Child Is Resistant to Therapy Depression Childhood Depression Print When Your Child Is Resistant to Therapy How You Can Help When Your Child Is Suffering with Depression By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide If your child is resistant to therapy or refuses to cooperate with his therapy treatment program for depression, you may wonder how he will ever get better. However, it is not uncommon for a child to be quiet during therapy or even refuse to attend sessions. In fact, it is a well-known reality among therapists and researchers that some children will be resistant to therapy. Fortunately, there are measures that parents can take to ensure that their children follow and benefit from their therapy treatment programs. Factors That May Make Your Child Resistant to Therapy Its possible that your child may feel some anxiety about speaking to a stranger about her thoughts and feelings. She may be worried about rejection, judgment or punishment from a therapist or that their sessions may not be confidential. These are just some possibilities for why your child may be resistant to therapy. You are not alone, however, if life events are getting in the way of your child attending therapy. Parents Have Influence on Kids Going to Therapy Dr. Pamela Wilansky-Traynor and colleagues published findings on this very circumstance in the Journal of the Academy of Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in May 2010. In their study, they found that stressful life events, such as family fighting or financial stress, and headache, stomachache or other physical complaints related to depression, have the potential to overshadow the importance of therapy attendance, even when therapy has been showing success. In some cases, this may just be in the eyes of the child. But even well-intentioned parents could fall victim to putting a childs therapy sessions aside in order to deal with what may seem like a more pressing issue at the time. The researchers found that parents have the ability to influence younger children to attend therapy more than older children, which may be something you have encountered yourself, particularly if dealing with a child in or approaching his teen years. When Your Child Puts Up a Fight   Psychotherapy aims to change or correct problem behaviors, which requires the desire to change. A depressed child, who may already feel misunderstood or angry, may resent being told to change. Drs. Theresa Moyers and Stephen Rollnick, who published a review on the topic in the Journal of Clinical Psychology in 2002, explain that a therapist who works with this fact is essential. Patients who have been forced to seek treatment, as is usually the case with children,  are likely to be resentful and resist help. A therapist who shows empathy and support are more likely to encourage change than one who tries to push the child to adhere to her recommendations. What You Can Do to Help   At times, you may be overwhelmed with frustration. Thats understandable. But there are things you can do to help the situation: Consider Combination Treatment. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in combination with an antidepressant medication is the most effective treatment for depressed children. Given this, you might suggest a combination approach to your childs pediatrician if your son or daughter is in therapy only.Try a Different Therapist. Very simply, your child may not like his or her current therapist. It is important that your child feels comfortable and safe during therapy. Meeting with the therapist before your child does will allow you to do a pre-screen. Additionally, it might be important to your child to have a therapist of the same gender, especially if they are discussing sensitive topics related to development or sex. Unsure of what your child thinks or would prefer? Sometimes all you have to do is ask.Lead by Example. Consider family therapy or individual therapy for yourself. Depression affects the whole family. Showing your ch ild that the whole family is committed to mental health allows her to feel supported but not different from the rest of the family. However, family therapy should not replace your childs depression treatment program.Find the Best Timing. Examine small details of your childs therapy routine, like the time of day or day of the week of sessions. Factors like fatigue, hunger, mood, and stress can affect a therapy session. If your child consistently has a test right before therapy, he may have a difficult time focusing. Find the best time for your child to attend and, whenever possible, incorporate something enjoyable into the treatment routine like going out for a treat afterward. Finding the Right Treatment for Your Child It is important to help your child in finding the right depression treatment. If your child is still not benefiting from therapy, despite your efforts, it may be time to try a different treatment option. Depression can have short- and long-term consequences such as poor social and academic performance, poor self-esteem, risk-taking behaviors, substance abuse, and suicidal thinking and behaviors. Working with your childs pediatrician, schools counselor or psychologist may be helpful in providing guidance for new treatment options.

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower - 1390 Words

Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower, includes the topic of adolescent development, the book forces itself to thrive in conflict, and the idea of loving submission is present throughout the story as the discussion of modern issues becomes apparent. As expressed In the Perks of Being a Wallflower, â€Å"I am very interested and fascinated how everyone loves each other, but no one really likes each other†(Chbosky.) NEW:One of the key concepts is the role of social interaction in the development of adolescents. Charlie, the main character,is exposed to many social extremes; gay bashing, group violence, rape, use of common drugs, etc. While Chobsky fails the introduction of these situations realistically (the effects of which will be discussed later), they still serve as points of discussion on the social interaction of young people, and as such, they are valuable for the novel. Chobsky advocates the implementation of a trauma such as growth potential; the supposed Everyman Charlie was sexually abused as a child, a fact he repressed until urged to enter into a sexual situation he could not handle. While its ventilation provides the epilogue for the book and placed in a psychiatric hospital, he leaves the individual thing as a fuller supposed which is self updated as it would have been without knowing the sexual trauma of his youth or, more drastically, without ever having lived. The provider of basic drama Charlie, aunt, he looked up to and loved dearly, is aShow MoreRelatedThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is the story of a unique high school student named Charlie and his journey of self-discovery throughout his freshman year. Charlie’s personality changes drastically from the beginning of the book to the end of it; and this is what I want to focus on. First I am going to detail Charlie’s personality at the beginning of the book and then use Erik Erikson’s theory of Psychosocial Development, Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Development, Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1597 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Chbosky’s film â€Å"The Perks of being a Wallflower† and J. D. Salinger’s book â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† are two coming of age texts which link to the theme of alienation through the ‘coming of age exp erience . Both protagonists in the film and novel experience alienation from their respective societal expectations. Charlie from â€Å"perks† is a reserved teenage boy who is tormented by his past of sexual abuse and death of his aunt and best friend. Although isolated by his own reality, Charlie seeksRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower857 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilial expectations, peer associations, and, even, mass media. In â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower†, the protagonist, Charlie, is subjected to undergoing experiences involving drug use, suicide, underage drinking, sexual abuse, mental illness, stigmas, homosexuality, the Goth culture, and sexual infidelity by the end of his freshman year in high school. At the beginning of â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower†, Charlie is portrayed as being a smart, yet introverted teenager who yearns for affection and acceptanceRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower2078 Words   |  9 PagesIn both Steven Chbosky and J.D. Salinger’s coming of age novels ‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ both authors successfully explore the idea of entering adulthood as an outsider. The Perks of Being a Wallflower follows a fifteen-year-old boy, Charlie. Charlie has recently lost his best friend Michael to suicide and is struggling to come to terms with his death. He is in his freshman year of high school and struggles to fit in socially, until he meets a group of seniorsRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor concept in today s teens. With social anxiety being the third largest mental health problem in the U.S., it is no wonder (Richards). Social anxiety is a type of anxiety disorder that causes extreme fear in social settings. People with this disorder struggle with everyday communication, worrying that they are constantly being negatively judged, or that they will embarrass themselves in some way, shape, or form. In The Perks of being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky, we meet Charlie, a freshman whoRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1181 Words   |  5 PagesIn the film The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Charlie, an introverted boy, coping with the recent suicide of his friend, begins high school. He finds trouble making friends until he meets Patrick and Sam. As Charlie attempts to improve his social interaction, and cultivate a sense of self, he continuously experiences blackouts and triggers. Nearing the end of the film, Charlie has a mental breakdown, which leads to his hospitalization, and he uncovers his repressed memories of his Aunt Helen molestingRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1401 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to do my Abnormal Psychology paper over The Perks of Being a Wallflower. I heard about this movie a couple of years ago and I never had time to watch it until recently. I did have a difficult time diagnosing what disorder I thought the main character had, but it turned out to actually be a learning opportunity for myself. This assignment did give me the opportunity to watch the movie differently than I have examined a movie before. What I mean is, for this assignment, I had to examine inRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is a book written by Stephen Chbosky wrote a book that many people can relate to when it comes to the sayings of the characters. Sam said, â€Å"I’m going to do what I want to do. I’m going to be who I really am. And I’m going to figure out what that is.† Later in the book, the main character Charlie says a quote that has so much meaning when it comes to identity and figuring out who we really are. Charlies says, â€Å"I guess we are who we are for a lot of reasons. And maybeRead MorePerks Of Being A Wallflower1337 Words   |  6 PagesPerks of being a Wallflower is an American film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky and released in September 2012. The film is based on a background of a student, Charlie Kelmeckis, who from childhood setbacks has been suffering from depression. He has been discharged from an institution of mental health care to start adapting to the normal lifestyle as a high school student. Charlie Kelmeckis is uneasy starting his first year of school; he is very shy and finds it difficult to make friendsRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower870 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the scientific study of being behavior in human groups (Schaefer). There are very many examples of sociology in the movie The Perks of Being a Wallflower, but I view alienation, deviance, and gender roles to be the most prominent. This movie is about the struggles of a teenage boy named Charlie’s freshman year of high school. Charlie is seen as a social outcast and he just barely makes it through the year with the help of his best friends Sam and Patrick. Throughout the movie Charlie

Critique of the Hawthorne Experiments Essay - 1510 Words

Critique of The Hawthorne Experiments Biography Written by Fritz J. Roethlisberger (1898 – 1974), The Hawthorne Experiments, explores the experiments, results and conclusions of studies performed at the Hawthorne Plant of the Western Electric Company. The Hawthorne Effect is the theory that resulted from the studies. Roethlisberger, a key member of the team, joined the team in 1927 and actively participated in the research until 1936, first as Elton Mayo’s assistant and later as his collaborator (Roethlisberger, 2007). Roethlisberger earned a BA in engineering from Columbia University, a BS in engineering administration from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a MA in philosophy from Harvard University (Roethlisberger,†¦show more content†¦While researchers kept tons of data regarding this experiment, including the temperature and humidity of the room and the amount of slept each women had the night prior, the physical changes had little change on the productivity (Natemeyer McMahon, 2 001, pp. 32 – 34). The experiments at the Hawthorne Plant continued with interviewing the actual employees. These interviews began in 1928 and were the â€Å"first real attempt to get human data and to forge human tools to get them† (Natemeyer McMahon, 2001, p. 35). In the beginning of the interviewing process, the interviewers found it difficult to not input their feelings, advice, etc into the interviews (Natemeyer McMahon, 2001, p. 35). Over time and with practice: They discovered that sooner or later a person tends to talk about what is uppermost in his mind to a sympathetic and skillful listener. And they become more proficient in interpreting what a person is say or trying to say (Natemeyer McMahon, 2001, p 35). It was the data from these experiments that supported the research of the Harvard team and lead them to conclude that productivity increase when management/supervisors began to pay attention to their employees. In the final set of experiments at the Hawthorne Plant, also described as the Bank Wiring Observation Group (1931-1932), researchers observed a group of employees that represented three occupational groups – wiremen, soldermen, and inspectors (Natemeyer McMahon, 2001,Show MoreRelatedHawthorne Studies804 Words   |  4 PagesPrentice Hall Carey A. (1967) The Hawthorne Studies: A Radical Criticism, American Sociological Review, Vol.32, No.3, Jun. 1967, p.403-416. Clark D (1999) â€Å"Hawthorne Effect† Retrieved November 20, 2007, Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/hawthorne.html Coutts B, (2003) â€Å"The Hawthorne Experiments† Retrived November 25, 2007, Retrived from http://www.hawthorne-academy.org/publication6.html Draper S.W (2006) â€Å"The Hawthorne, Pygmalion, Placebo and other effects ofRead MoreEssay about Hawthorne Studies1529 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will review the writings of â€Å"Hawthorne, the myth of the docile worker, and class bias in psychology† an article by D. Bramel and R. Friend. It will then go on to further critique academic articles that both support and disagree with the primary source and demonstrate how the Hawthorne studies have influenced contemporary organizations. The Hawthorne experimental studies conducted at the Western Electric Company Works has attracted considerable amounts of sharp critical scrutiny; itRead MorePoe Hawthorne949 Words   |  4 PagesContrast of Poe/ Hawthorne Poe and Hawthorne are the most significant American writers of 19th century. They have their own way of relating to their audiences that’s varied and similar at the same time. Poe’s writing involves the reader emotionally. Hawthorne on the other hand considers author’s imagination important and paints a picture based on it. These innovative thoughts and experimentations in language have forever changed what we appreciate in writing. Poe and Hawthorne used variousRead MoreThe Hawthorne Studies On The Development Of Management1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hawthorne Studies were conducted by Elton Mayo with help from his research assistant Fritz Roethlisberger in the mid-1920s along with the works at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Illinois. These studies were influenced by the principles of scientific management which were introduced by Frederick Taylor in 1911. The studies were to research weather people worked more efficiently when they were working as a group, being treated as special (such as working in a separateRead MoreFrancis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter1910 Words   |  8 Pagesto warn readers against the dangers of science. One such writer is Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hawthorne uses his stories to warn readers about the dangers of science. Heidegger’s Experiment, The Birthmark and Rappaccini s daughter, all have very tragic endings that can be traced back to science experiments. All three stories focus on very intelligent and driven scientist who try to achieve their goals at any cost. Hawthorne uses these stories as a way to contradict Bacon’s view and to state his viewsRead MoreFrancis Bacon s The Birthmark And Rappaccini s Daughter1913 Words   |  8 Pagesto warn readers against the dangers of science. One such writer is Nathaniel Hawthorne; Hawthorne uses his stories to warn readers about the dangers of science. Heidegger’s Experiment, The Birthmark and Ra ppaccini s Daughter, all have very tragic endings that can be traced back to science experiments. All three stories focus on very intelligent and driven scientist who try to achieve their goals at any cost. Hawthorne uses these stories as a way to contradict Bacon’s view and to state his viewsRead MoreHawthorne Effect1192 Words   |  5 Pagesthat it was up to the managers to analysis tasks at hand to identify whether or not they could be performed more effectively. One of the most criticised and controversial investigations ever undertaken on workplace relations was known as the Hawthorne Effect. These studies were undertaken at the Bell Telephone Western Electric Manufacturing Plant in Chicago. The studies began in 1924 and continued through until the Depression in 1932. The purpose of the studies was to gain an insight on whetherRead MoreThe Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay743 Words   |  3 PagesThe Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne In Nathaniel Hawthornes short story The Birthmark, there are many views on the need for science and its advances. Hawthornes protagonist, Aylmer, illustrates his own personal assessment of science. The story is based on the idea that science can solve all of humanities ills and problems. Hawthorne believes that science is overrunning life. Aylmer is consumed by his passion of overtake Mother Nature. The story shows how Aylmers passion leadsRead MoreClassical Organizational Theory, Neoclassical Organization, And Contingency And System Theory1128 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol. Initially, Taylor was very successful at improving production. His methods for doing this involved getting the most qualified people and securing the best equipment, and then carefully analyzing each component of the production process to critique it for efficiency. By analyzing each task individually, Taylor was able to find the right combinations of factors that yielded large increases in production. While Taylors  scientific management theory  proved successful during the beginning of progressionRead MoreThe Biblical Story Of Adam And Eve878 Words   |  4 PagesRappaccinis Daughter. This being said, it is disappointing that little to no criticisms are found on this topic. Nathanial Hawthorns, Rappaccinis daughter, is an Allusion of Adam and Eve and therefore an allegory. When approached with a readers responds critique, one is reminded of the biblical story of Adam and Eve, the creation of man. The story of Adam and Eve happens in Genesis chapter 2 and 3. Long story short, god made Adam and eve to look after Eden, he told them to never eat from the tree of knowledge

Capitalism Europe Free Essays

Businessmen transformed economic activities by learning to take advantage of market conditions by alluding efficient networks of transportation and communication and by creating a system of regulating the price of a product based on supply and demand. 4. The institutions that supported early capitalism were banks and joint-stock companies such as the English East India Company and their Dutch counterpart. We will write a custom essay sample on Capitalism Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5. The Dutch and English supported the growth of capitalism because the English East India Company and their Dutch counterpart were two large trading companies that spread the ideas of capitalism on a larger scale than ever before. . The Joint-stock companies set p by the ideas of capitalism and the English/Dutch would be authorized to conquer, explore, and colonize distant lands in search of commercial opportunities. Therefore, early capitalism developed in the context of Imperialism, as European peoples established fortified trading posts in Asia and colonial regimes in both Southeast Asia and the Americas. Imperial expansion was important to the spread of capitalism, since it enabled European merchants to get natural resources that would be distributed. 7. Crafts and guilds had fixed prices and wages and they regulated standards of quality. They did not seek to realize profits, therefore discouraging competition and resisted technological innovation. 8. The putting out system was system in which capitalist entrepreneurs delivered unfinished materials to rural households where the artisans would finish a part of the product in their homes (similar to an assembly line) and pass it on until the product was finished and then it was giving to the entrepreneurs, and then the artisans were paid for their labor. 9. The advantages of the putting out system were that because of the plethora of rural labor, entrepreneurs spent relatively title on wages and profited greatly. 10. The putting out system introduced large sums of money to the countryside which brought material benefits and disrupted the long-established patterns of rural life. The standard of rural life rose dramatically; households acquired more goods and rural people wore nicer clothes, ate better food, and drank better wine. Individuals had the opportunity to become wealth and stop relying on neighbors and family. Young adults and women began to earn their own incomes. 11. In Eastern Europe lacked cities so there was no alternative to working in the countryside, o landlords took advantage on this situation by forcing peasants to work under extremely harsh conditions whereas in Western Europe there were better working conditions and more cities. Western Europe was far better in comparison to Eastern Europe in the area of labor. 12. Capitalism posed moral challenges. Medieval theologians believed that profit-making was morally dangerous, since profiteers looked to their own advantage rather than the welfare of the larger community. The Church considered interest an unearned and immoral profit. 13. Adam Smith’s response was that society loud prosper when individuals pursued their own economic interests. 14. Although Capitalism may not have necessarily caused changes in family life, it encouraged developments that helped to define the nature and role of the family. Capitalism favored the nuclear family; it offered opportunities doe independent families to increase their wealth. As these families became more important economically, their importance socially and emotionally increased. Love became more important in marriage (not simply strengthening alliances) and parents and their children became more important to family life. How to cite Capitalism Europe, Papers

Sedition act of 1798 Essay Example For Students

Sedition act of 1798 Essay For the first few years of Constitutional government, under the leadership of George Washington, there was a unity, commonly called Federalism that even James Madison acknowledged in describing the Republican form of government â€Å" And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans, ought to be our zeal in cherishing the spirit and supporting the character of Federalists.† Although legislators had serious differences of opinions, political unity was considered absolutely essential for the stability of the nation. Political parties or factions were considered evil as â€Å"Complaints are everywhere heard from our most considerate and virtuous citizens, equally the friends of public and private faith, and of public and personal liberty, that our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice and the rights of the min or party, but by the superior force of an interested and overbearing majority†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Public perception of factions were related to British excesses and thought to be â€Å"the mortal diseases under which popular governments have everywhere perished. † James Madison wrote in Federalist Papers #10, â€Å"By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community.† He went on to explain that faction is part of human nature; â€Å"that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS.† The significant point Madison was to make in this essay was that the Union was a safeguard against factions in that even if â€Å"the influence of factious leaders may kindle a flame within their particular States, they will be unable to spread a general conflagration through the other States.† What caused men like Thomas Jefferson and James Madison to defy tradition and public perceptions against factions and build an opposition party? Did they finally agree with Edmund Burkes’ famous aphorism: â€Å"When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall, one by one, an unpitied sacrifice in a contemptible struggle?† Did the answer lie in their opposition with the agenda of Alexander Hamilton and the increases of power both to the executive branch as well as the legislative branch of government?Hamilton pushed for The Bank of the United States, a large standing Army raised by the President a Department of Navy, funding and excise taxes, and, in foreign policy, a neutrality that was sympathetic to British interest to the detriment of France. Many legislators, especially those in the south, were alarmed to the point that a separation of the Union was suggested as the only way to deal with Hamilton’s successes. Many were afraid that the army would be used against them as it had during the Whiskey Rebellion. Southerners saw the taxes to support a new treasury loan favoring â€Å"pro-British merchants in the commercial cities,† and unfairly paid by landowners in the South. These issues as well as neutrality issues between France, England, and the United States were the catalyst for the forming of the Republican Party. The French and English conflict caused many problems with America’s political system. The English â€Å"Order of Council† and the French â€Å"Milan Decree† wreaked havoc with America’s shipping and led to Jay’s Treaty of 1794. Jay’s Treaty was advantageous to America and helped to head off a war with Britain, but it also alienated the French. The French reacted by seizing American ships causing the threat of war to loom large in American minds. .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .postImageUrl , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:hover , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:visited , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:active { border:0!important; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:active , .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue01e69faa4984f88e26b9bff4cc2396c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Role of an Accountant Essay President Adams sent three commissioners to France to work out a solution and to modify the Franco-American alliance of 1778, but the Paris government asked for bribes and a loan from the United States before negotiations could even begin. The American commissioners refused to pay the bribes and they were denied an audience with accredited authorities and even treated with contempt. Two of the commissioners returned to the United States with Elbridge Gerry

Revolution in physics and chemistry

Introduction Chemistry and physics are among the major subjects studied in the world today. Historically, the revolution of science dates back between the 16th and 17th century. Europe is the mother of all scientific revolution for it laid the foundation of innovative and advanced science.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in physics and chemistry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The urge to carry out a series of experiments and research led to the initiation and the ultimate breakthrough of chemical and physical revolution by ancient scientists. The chemical revolution led to different discoveries in chemistry opening doors to other scientific inventions in the medical and industrial setups. The following discussion focuses on the scientific revolution of two main sciences; physics and chemistry and its impact. Revolution in physics Different philosophers contributed to the ideologies in chemistry and p hysics. Aristotle was a famous Greek philosopher who first initiated discoveries in physical sciences. The Aristotelian theory describes the earth as the center of gravity and the shape, size, movement or behavior of both living and lifeless objects on the earth’s surface. Additionally, he defines physics as a natural science composed of both living and non-living things. From Aristotle description of the earth as the central attraction of all objects, gravitational theory emerged. In 16th century, Sir Isaac Newton pioneered the discovery of the gravity theory after studying Aristotle’s ideas. Due to the success of the gravitational theory, scientists discovered two other planets, Neptune and Uranus. However, the inability to locate the position hence orbit of Mercury was the main cause of its failure which pushed for a detailed research on gravity. Later corpuscular model by Louis and electromagnetic radiation model by Lorentz explained the law of gravity and emission of electric charges by bodies. Unfortunately, in the 19th century, all the laws became invalid because they violated modern laws on conservation of energy and thermodynamics especially in physics. Although the gravitational theory is no longer applied, its concept has enabled calculation of gravity in the modern science. On the other hand, the impetus theory redefined the physical concept on inertia force as described by Aristotle. The ability of a body to retain its continuous motion despite application of external force underscores the Impetus theory. Similarly, Hipparchan-philoponan theory describes application of force or motion against the gravitational force like throwing of a stone while Avicenna theory describes projectile force. All these ancient theories redefined Aristotle theory, which describes physics in terms of inertia force, impulsive or momentum, and speed (acceleration). Galileo Galilei was a famous physician whose physical invention is still applicable in all mo dern learning institutions. He described and interpreted all experimental facts in physical science leading to the discovery of kinematics as a subject. Therefore, the mechanical and chemical philosophies describe the scientific revolution while Empiricism initiated revolution in physical science.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Revolution in chemistry As the physical revolution was taking part, the chemical revolution was also underway. A number of philosophers and scientist progressively led to the success of chemistry as an area of study. The major scientist who led to success of modern chemistry is Antoine Lavoisier through his presentation of chemical elements. Lavoisier discovered the major elements in chemistry like Oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur. This landmark discovery was in line with the invention of oxygen theory which holds that most chemical compounds consist of different e lements and oxygen is the common element among others. Additionally, Lavoisier described the components of water as oxygen and hydrogen on top of discovering that air consists of gases like nitrogen, oxygen and other trace elements. Due to his description of the chemical nomenclature, there was derivation of different chemical compounds like sulfate and sulfuric acid among others. Using the single theory, Lavoisier described chemical balance which opened the way for stipulating origin and derivation of chemical equations in chemistry. Apart from concentrating on chemicals, Lavoisier researched on physical chemistry and thermodynamic laws, which were part of physical science. Lavoisier’s radical theory describes elements and concept of allotropism in elements. The emergence of diamond and carbon are among Lavoisier’s major discoveries. Unfortunately, most of Lavoisier’s discoveries and theories received rejection and criticisms from fellow chemical scientists. Pr iestly, one of the major scientists declined to acknowledge Lavoisier’s work especially the law on conservation of mass. Despite receiving objections, Lavoisier’s experiments are still applicable in the current world especially in the chemical and laboratory practices. Other great contributors to chemical revolution include Jacob Berzelius who besides writing chemistry books, he drew tables on atomic weights. Additionally, Berzelius gave each chemical element a letter or notation for easier identification. Other chemicals like silicon, selenium, lithium, and vanadium were among his discoveries. Luckily, he did not receive opposition from other scientists during his research. However, he opposed the discovery of chlorine in 1810 by Humphry Davy even though, his opposition ended in 1812 after discovery of iodine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in physics and chemistry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides Berzelius, John Dalton was also a chemistry philosopher who discovered the atomic theory. According to Dalton, all chemical elements are composed of particles called atoms and they can neither be created nor destroyed; they can only undergo chemical reactions (changes). Additionally, Dalton researched on the effect of heat or temperature on gases which led to the principles of pressure and expansion of gases or water evaporation. His research on gases like methane, ethylene, carbon dioxide and nitro oxide initiated the development of atomic theory. The Dalton theory is still applicable in contemporary world taught in scientific learning institutions. In addition, Boyle’s law initiated chemical revolution in the 16th century. Robert Boyle’s research on water expansion (freezing), crystals, electricity and color blindness led to the publication of his book the Sceptical chymist, which forms the foundation of advanced chemistry. He defined chemistry a s a science and not an art by describing composition of all substances in chemistry. Impact of revolution in chemistry and physics The scientific revolution involved research on natural, chemical, and physical sciences. However, most scientists who initiated chemical revolution had knowledge on physics. Therefore, the revolution in chemistry and physics happened at the same time during the 16th and 17th century. Consequently, the chemistry and physical revolution initiated industrial revolution in Europe and other western countries. In comparison, chemistry and physics are similar because they all describe the elements of nature either in the physical or chemical form. Currently, inventions in physics and chemistry are applicable in the medical and industrial industries. Conclusion In a recap, the sixteenth and seventeenth century was the age of renascence which defines scientific revolution. Famous scientists like Aristotle, Boyle, Newton, and Dalton led to scientific revolution. B esides other discoveries like in medicine or psychology, there were tremendous inventions in chemical and physical sciences. In physics, there are different theories, which include gravitational, Avicenna, and impetus among others. The theories in chemical revolution include atomic, Dalton and radical theory among others. All the scientific inventions in physics and chemistry are currently applicable in industries and all learning institutions. However, the works of early scientists like Lavoisier received opposition from fellow chemists or physicists hence obstructing adaptation of their discoveries. Chemical and physical revolution was the foundation of industrial revolution. In addition, most industries in food, medical or machinery base their research on elements of chemistry and physics.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Revolution in physics and chemistry was written and submitted by user Preston Nelson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Irony Of The Setting In The Lottery Essays - Style, Free Essays

Irony Of The Setting In The Lottery Essays - Style, Free Essays Irony of The Setting in The Lottery The setting set forth by Shirley Jackson in the beginning of The Lottery creates a mood of peacefulness and tranquillity. This setting also creates an image in the mind of the reader, the image of a typical town on a normal summer day. Furthermore, Shirley Jackson uses the setting in The Lottery to foreshadow an ironic ending. First, Shirley Jackson begins The Lottery by establishing the setting. To begin, she tells the reader what time of day and what time of year the story takes place. This is important to get the reader to focus on what a typical day it is in this small town. The time of day is set in the morning and the time of year is early summer. She also describes that school has just recently let out for summer break, letting the reader infer that the time of year is early summer. The setting of the town is described by the author as that of any normal rural community. Furthermore, she describes the grass as "richly green" and that "the flowers were blooming profusely" (196). These descriptions of the surroundings give the reader a serene felling about the town. Also, these descriptions make the reader feel comfortable about the surroundings as if there was nothing wrong in this quaint town. Upon reading the first paragraph, Shirley Jackson describes the town in general. The town is first mentioned in the opening paragraph where she sets the location in the town square. She puts in perspective the location of the square "between the post office and the bank" (196). This visualizes for the reader what a small town this is, since everything seems to be centralized at or near the town square. This is also key in that the town square is the location for the remaining part of the story. The town square is an important location for the setting since the ending of the story will be set in this location. Also, Shirley Jackson creates a comfortable atmosphere while describing the residents of the town. First, she describes the children gathering together and breaking into "boisterous play"(196). Also, the children are described as gathering rocks, which is an action of many normal children. She described the men as gathering together and talking about "planting and rain, tractors and taxes"(196). Finally, she describes the women of this community as "exchanging bits of gossip"(196) which is a common stereotype of women. She creates a mood for the reader of the town and residents of this town on a normal summer morning. Up to this point in the story Shirley Jackson has not pointed out anything out of the ordinary which would reflect an ironic ending. Upon further reading of the story, Shirley Jackson gives the reader hints about the unusualness of this town. First, she sets the time of day to be mid-morning. This is a clue to an ironic ending since most occurrences of criminal activity happen during the night. Second, she also points out key buildings that surround the town square. Furthermore, she fails to describe a church or a courthouse which are common buildings to all communities. Also, it is odd for this town to celebrate Halloween but not for Christmas or Easter. These are the largest holidays that "normal" people celebrate. In addition, she points out the fact that the children are building "a great pile of stones in one corner of the square"(196).These points should lead the reader to consider that this town is far from normal. The introduction of the black box is a key turning point for the setting. The black box symbolizes an immoral act to the villagers. This is evident in the fact that "the villagers kept their distance"(196) from the black box. The introduction of the black box into the setting changes the mood and the atmosphere of the residents. After the introduction of the black box the villagers become uneasy around this symbol of evil. Furthermore, the black box is the key that changes the mood from serene and peaceful to ominous. Further foreshadowing by Shirley Jackson leads the reader to consider the town as peculiar. For instance, the names of the residents foreshadow

Homosexual and Heterosexual Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homosexual and Heterosexual Marriages - Essay Example Tripp (1981) declares that homo and heterosexual marriages are comparable because both are set up on a vow to understand each other, to provide with strong support and love and also to fulfill sexual needs and desires of each other. Tripp explains an optimal space between partners and explains that to promote sexual attraction there's a need to have some differences and some intimacy, a massive amount of either of these is awful for a healthy relationship. Male and female genetic and emotional dissimilarity set up a distance for attraction, where men and women are made complementary from beginning. "Each sex becomes systematically incompetent regarding tasks and abilities ascribed to the opposite sex" (Tripp, 1981, p. 68). McWhirter and Mattison (1984) declare that in homosexual marriages, one of the partners demonstrate inability in some of the tasks which the other partner enjoys to carry out. Studies reveal that traditional marriages bring much happiness and more likely to bring less misery for the partners. Traditional marriages provide an extra 8 years of life to the partners. They live a healthy and secure life from long-term sicknesses.

Business environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business environment - Assignment Example The region has long been established as the leading European zone for attracting private investment. In fact, at present it is UK's most successful region for attracting foreign direct investment, and is among the top five in Europe. The West Midlands is the address of nearly 2,000 overseas companies from 34 different nations, employing roughly 9% of the region's workforce - nearly a quarter of a million people. Birmingham itself can boast of almost 300 overseas companies, which employ over 36,000 people. International and famous companies based in the West Midlands include Peugeot, Ford, BMW, Fujitsu, Oracle, Gap, Denso, IBM, NEC and Johnson Controls. A little over the last ten years, the West Midlands experienced real economic growth with GDP increasing by around 29%, an additional 240,000 people in employment, a fall in unemployment rates from 12.1% to below 8% (2000), economic activity rate at par with the rest of the country, an employment rate of around 74% (1998-1999 to 2003), higher than the national rate at the start of the three year period (1998-99) and a higher percentage of employees in high technology sectors than the national average in 2000 (Mitra, 2001). Despite noticeable indicators of development and progress, the West Midlands maintains its status of an under-achieving region. It has under-performed in almost all major areas judging by the economic indicators, if overall performance in the UK is used as a standard. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per head in 1999 was 6% below the national average in spite of an increase of nearly 2% from 1998. On the Index of Local Deprivation, the West Midlands has two districts in the top 10 and 6 in the top 50 most deprived areas. In 1997, likewise, the West Midlands had the second lowest manufacturing productivity levels. Gross Value Added per GDP per head has stayed around 6% below the national average throughout the 1990s. Since 1990, unemployment rates have remained above the national average. Finally, the number of VAT- registered businesses has fallen faster than the national average. Compared to EU regions similar to the West Midlands (using the GVA metric), the latter is at par with most other regions and slightly below Bourgogne (France). SMEs in the West Midlands Economy With statistical trends elsewhere, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute the largest share of all enterprises in the West Midlands. The region is composed of small firms, which would imply that small business activity is characteristic of the region's business and economic scenario. The sectoral spread of the firms portray the profile of the region with its mix of traditional industrial ands agricultural activities, combined with business and financial services. Reflecting overall national patterns, and indeed that of the West Midlands region, no one sub-region has more than two sectors with greater than 20% of the business sites in those sectors. Potential Sources of Support Across the region, Advantage West Midlands is setting up a variety of strategies and business support programmes aimed at motivating and promoting wealth creation and the diversification of the region's economy. Working in alliance with other organisations, the objective is to provide the business support required

Methods And Importance Of Note Making

Methods And Importance Of Note Making This book contains different note making methods which can be used during the academic period. Author has put forward five main note making methods as; Split-page format, Diagram/Pattern format, Mind map, Outline Format and Question and Prompt format aiming on FEST program. Author has discussed the importance, the advantages and disadvantages of each note making method. After having a main idea on each note making method author has experiment each method with FEST subjects. At the end author finalize that; Split page Format Communication Study Skills Diagram/Pattern Format Computer Technology Mind map Physics Outline Format Mathematics Question Prompt Format Ethics , as the most effective note making method for each subject. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The Importance of Note-Making During FEST program we meet many modules. With regarding to its own behavior we have to follow learning techniques to remember all the important points. As we cannot hold them all in our mind, we will have to use a record to gather all the information. To record something we have to improve our listening skills. As we record something we will have to pay our attention for our work. That record can help us to recall and understand the lesion in a later time and saves our time. So it is very important to make effective notes. During lectures, lecturer presents more information than shows in slides. Sometimes they give useful tips for assignments and for exams. So it is very important to write down hints. When we are in a classroom or in a lecture hall, we must concentrate our mind on the lesion to grab all the information and to comprehend the lesion. That kind of a concentration is built by making notes. So Note-making is very important as it involves us in the learning process. And whenever we read something we have to write down important points as we cannot hold them on mind. Making notes allows us to reduce the information in to manageable size. When we are studying for exams a lot of material has to be covered. The key points should be extracted from lecture notes and text books. It is an aid to exam revision. Making notes helps to think and understand the subject. The history of Note-Making goes far about 1979. Tony Buzan was the person who invented the concept of Mind Mapping. With using images and patterns he developed the main idea up to a successful invention. So now it has become most popular among most of the academic students. Types of Note-Making Methods Note-Making mainly involves with selecting, analyzing, summarizing and organizing information. Although there were many Note-Making methods with different strategies, we only consider five methods that suits for FEST program in this research. 1.2.1. Split-page Format. ( A narrative Note-Making method) In Split-Page Format method the page should be divided in to two columns and in one column there will be standard notes and in the other, the summery. This method can be used to write down lecture notes. 1.2.2. Diagram/Pattern Format. (A visual Note-Making method) In Diagram/Pattern method the information is presented with using a diagram. The main topic and the related ideas should be linked together as it implies a complete meaning. This is a kind of visual learning technique. 1.2.3. Mind Map. (A visual Note-Making method) In this method the information and important points are presented through a map which contains images. With linking one another, the information can be elaborated according to our own creativity. 1.2.4. Outline Format. (A narrative Note-Making method) In this format the information is presented as an outline with using titles, sub titles that are numbered according a procedure. 1.2.5. Question and Prompt Format. (A narrative Note-Making method) The main points of a lesion can be highlighted across a series of questions and with relevant answers. When taking lecture notes it should be more accurate and consisted. With improving the habit to use SQ3R technique it allows us to take most important points on lectures. After reorganizing them it reveal the way to review and revise the note. A note-Making method is only one category that comes under study skills. But up to now we can see more methods that can follow to achieve improvement in study. So we can follow any of them to reach the target. With the technological development the Note-Making method has stepped in to computer /notebook. So now it has changed its name as Electronic Note-making method. Most of the students use word processors because it is easy to forward. Objectives and Scope of Study Acquire the skills to make effective notes using various methods. Modules: Communication Study Skills Computer technology Physics Mathematics Engineering Ethics Note Format: Split-Page format Diagram/Pattern format Mind map Outline format Question Prompt format Through the research I have investigated different Note-Making methods. Five main Note-Making methods have taken to be concerned. The investigation covers the advantages, disadvantages and the feasibility of each method. And each Note-Making method is experimented with FEST modules. Module have been chosen concerning on its behavior and the relevance with the method as below; Split-Page format : Communication and Study Skills 2 Diagram/Pattern Format : Computer Technology 3 Mind-map : Physics 4 Outline Format : Mathematics 5 Question and Prompt Format : Ethics Acquire the skills in technical writing. Understand the requirements for a dissertation. Identify the main sections of a dissertation. Achieve proficiency in using soft tools to aid technical writing. Present critical and argumentative views. Learn to write, abstract and draw conclusions. Overview of Study Chapter 1 : 1.1 Importance of Note-Making. 1.2 Types of Note-Making methods. 1.3 Objectives and Scope of Study. 1.4 Overview of Study. Chapter 2 : 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Implementation of Different Note Formats in Various Fest Subjects. 2.2.1 Split-Page Format. 2.2.2 Diagram/Pattern Format. 2.2.3 Mind-Map. 2.2.4 Outline Format. 2.2.5 Question and Prompt Format. 2.3 Discussions and Conclusions. Chapter 3 : 3.1 Study Contributions 3.2 Recommendations for Future Developments in Note-Making Methods. REFERENCES. CHAPTER 2 EFFECTIVE NOTE-MAKING METHODS FOR FEST PROGRAM 2.1 Introduction In the lectures we have to take a much struggle to catch all the important points and to understand with them. So it is very important to get prepared before the lectures with referring to past lectures and with the things to be taught. After deciding the Note method according to frame work we will be able to have a good Note which concludes all main points. When writing down the main points abbreviations, phrases and images can be helpful to manage the time. This chapter concludes five main Note-making methods and their adoption in FEST modules. When selecting the appropriate Note-Making method, the behavior of each subject had to be considered. Communication and Study Skills is based on both theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. Methods like Split-Page, Outline and Question-Prompt can be used to make CSS notes. But Split-Page format becomes most suitable as it carries standard notes and summery. Computer technology holds theory as well as practical. In most theory parts it concludes title, sub titles definitions and examples. CT notes can be summarized with a unique pattern like a diagram. So Diagram Format is the most suitable method which complies with CT notes. If we talk about Physics, it is a combination of theory, practical and calculations. Mind map can be used to emphasize the formulas, definitions and the key ideas in an illustrative manner. As Mathematics carry formulas, definitions and calculations, Outline Format can be used to make notes on theories as well as calculations. Ethics is mainly based on theory. So through Question and Prompt Format all the notes can be factorized. We should have a sense to select the most suitable method in various occasions. 2.2 Implementation of Different Note Formats in Various Fest Subjects The information and data needed, When making notes we copy the main points on lectures as well as text books. And we will have to refer web sources, journals, reports and articles to gain extra knowledge. The questions that rise during lectures and our own ideas hold an importance. All the types of data should be presented through a simple note. The data collection strategy, When making a note we have to follow a data collection strategy. First of all we will have to make a specific objective and a clear definition on the data collection. Second thing is the data collecting mode. It can be quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative data collection strategy it is easy to read and transfer. But in qualitative data collection strategy it needs a long time to differentiate and find out. Otherwise the data mode can be evaluated after deciding it as simple, complex or difficult. The conditions applied in notes, Note-Making is not an easy task as it appears. It needs skills to result a better product. We should find materials that are not too difficult or complex. In this case well organized material can help to reduce time. We have a good note after selecting, analyzing, summarizing and organizing those materials. 2.2.1 Split-Page Format The easiest method to take down notes is Split-Page Format method. In this method the page should be divided in to two parts. The left side must have a width of 2.5 inches and the right side must have 6 inches. The right side is to note down the lecture notes and the important points. And the left is to write the key words and the summery of the notes. But in some books it is said that page should be divide in to three sections and in the left side it is for own comments and questions, the next part is for write down standard notes and the last part is for the summery. So we can use either way to make a good note. Advantages : This method is mainly composed to make lecture notes. And it produces a well organized note. When revising the note, the summery and highlighted points make it much easier. As we note down the questions that comes through the lesion, when recalling the lesion we can make much attention for those problems. Disadvantages : This kind of a note is not visually attracted. We will have to write down all the main points in the right side, so it takes much time. Feasibility : The main points, questions and summery is overviewed together. Speed reading techniques; Basic steps lead for an effective reading. SQ3R, SQ4R, SQ5R S Survey Q Question 5R Read, Recite, Reduce, Reflect, Review SPEED READING TECHNIQUES; SQ3R -1.a useful technology for absorbing written information. 2.It helps to create a good mental framework of a subject 3.it helps to set study goals. S Survey Q Question 3R Read, Recite, Review SQ4R method, S Survey Q Question 4R Read, Recite, Relate, Review SQ5R method, S Survey Q Question 5R Read , Respond, Record, Recite, Review FIGURE 2.1 : Examples of Communication and Study Skills Note using Split-Page Format. 2.2.2 Diagram/Pattern Format This method is more visual than the Split-Page format method. According to this method the information can be displayed through a pattern as diagram. The main topic is to be written at the top of the page. After that the related ideas should be added. The main topic and the sub topics/ideas should be connected each other as it arouses a complete sense. Advantages : Very easy to use and it doesnt take much time to draw diagrams. It is much attractive and therefore it makes very convenient when recalling. Through diagram format it is easy to remember the information. Disadvantages : When using Diagram format method we will have to limit the points. Therefore some key points can be neglected. The main idea is not viewable, only the important points are viewable. It is not easy to extent when information is lot. It is difficult to state complicated ideas through such a short format. Feasibility : Through this method the main idea can be presented as a flow of key points. Computer Network Definition Purpose (4) Network classification (6) Network archi Scale Wireless Tech Wired tech Connection method Network topology Terrestrial microwave Wireless Lan Blue Tooth Communication satellite Lan Wan Man Pan VPN CAN Active Working Client Server Peer to Peer Twisted Pair Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Ethernet Wireless Lan GHn Bus Star Ring Mesh FIGURE 2.2 : Examples of Computer Technology Note using Diagram Format. 2.2.3 Mindmap Mind mapping method is bit difficult than other methods as it needs critical thinking. It is a composition of both images and words which present a lot of information through creativity. This method differs with other traditional methods as it is based on many skills such like, thinking planning, organizing and concerning. The topic/heading should be displayed at the middle of the page. The key ideas and the concepts are the next to be noted. The topics and sub topics can be highlighted with using many shapes. But all the concepts are to be added in a short format. Symbols and images can be added as the suitability. The concepts and their topics should be linked with free lines or arrows. To make it more attractive we can follow many colors as accordance. Advantages : It is easy to learn and apply and helps to reveal inner abilities as creativity. It provides a summery in a illustrative way. And it is easy to extend and add more points. Disadvantages : Only the person who have made it can understand, others cant. It is hard to express much complex concepts through Mind mapping. This method cannot be used to take instant notes. Feasibility : Make the subject more illustrative and comprehensive with its nature. 2.2.4 Outline Format When we are taking usual notes, the Outline Format is mostly used. Actually this method is based on organizing information with using a numbering system. It should be started with an initial topic written as no.1. After that the sub topics should be displayed as 1.1,1.2,1.3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦The descriptions that are under those sub topics can be numbered as a),b),c)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦When we choose another topic it should be displayed as no.2.The relationship is shown by the order of the numbers.Otherwise the topics can be started at the margin and then the subtopics can be indented. Advantages : It is easy to learn and easy to use. This method can be used to take notes in the classroom. There will not be any information loss as it is well organized. It is very easy to understand as it is more descriptive. Disadvantages : It doesnt include a summery and the important ideas hidden among the details. So this is not a good method to recall before exams. 1.Transformation 1.1. Translation a. Vertical shift (y=f(x)+k), a.1 Vertical shift up; (k > 0) a.2 Vertical shift down;(k b. Horizontal shift (y= f(x-h)), b.1 Horizontal shift to the right; (h > 0) b.2 Horizontal shift to the left; (h 1.2. Compression and Stretch a. Vertical Stretch and Compression; (y = a.f(x)) a.1 Vertical Stretch;(a>1) a.2 Vertical Compression;(0 b. Horizontal Stretch and Compression; (y = f(a.x) b.1 Horizontal Stretch;(0 b.2 Horizontal Compression;(a>1) Feasibility : Most of the subjects are accordance with the Outline Format. FIGURE 2.4 : Examples of Mathematics Note using Outline Format. 2.2.5 Question and Prompt Format This method is more likely with Split-page method. But the difference being that, in QP method the questions that are based on study objectives will be displayed in the left side. And in the right side there should be the answer for that question. When we make questions we will have to go through all the lesions and to catch main points. This kind of a procedure makes the subject more understandable. Advantages : When we are going through text books or study guides, it is very important to note down the question arouses and their answers in order to use them near exams. The things that are more concern able are highlighted, so it is very important. Disadvantages : There is no summery, Only the important points are highlighted. Therefore whenever we want something in detail we will have to refer back to the text books. There are no any visual aids, so it doesnt make any pleasant feeling when seeing notes. Feasibility : This format has the ability to enhance the main points in a Question prompt way. Moral principles governing the rights and wrongs of human conduct. The principles that are accepted by individuals or social groups. Self-Interest, Tribalism, civil society It is the field of applied ethics which sets standards for engineering obligations to the public, their clients and the profession. Goal-moral autonomy, underlying skills and proficiencies. Moral principles, utilitarianism, justice model, human rights model Engineering Ethics; 1.What are ethics? 2.Why study ethics? 3.What are engineering ethics? 4.What are the Objectives of studying engineering ethics? 5.What are the ethical decision models? FIGURE 2.5 : Example of Engineering Ethics Notes using Question and Prompt Format. 2.3 Discussion and Conclusions Although there were many Note-making methods all of them are based on summarizing, organizing, analyzing and selecting important factors. We meet different modules, when we go through FEST program. With regarding to the feasibility of each Note-making method, we have to select most comparable format to use with subjects. When we are making ordinary notes in the class room, Outline Format is the most suitable one to use. When we are taking lecture notes Split-Page Format becomes most suitable as it consist of details as well as summery. Diagram/Pattern Format and Mind-mapping method can be considered as visual methods. Although Diagram Format method is easy to use and learn than the Mind-Mapping method, there occur problems in expanding data area in Diagram method. Mind-Mapping method is more famous among the present generation as it vast many abilities. As the first thing, it is to choose the most suitable Note-making method for the subject. It helps to remember more information that can be used in a later time. And also it makes much easier to recall the subject. CHAPTER 3 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN NOTE-MAKING METHODS 3.1 Study Contributions Through this research I was able to discover different Note-Making methods which suits for FEST modules. By then I could acquire the skills to make effective notes. Additionally I was introduced to technical writing criteria. It helped me to recognize the main qualities and behavior of a technical writing system. More overly this report made me aware on the requirements of a dissertation and its main sections. Most of the knowledge has to be caught from web sources. And that thing taught me, how I can contribute soft tools for such a research. Mainly I could accomplish most of the objectives as I was expected. 3.2 Recommendations for Future Development in Note-making Methods For future development in Note-Making, we can use more abbreviations and short hands for a better time management. We can improve this skill by involving with official shorthand language more time. As a memory aid mnemonics can be added to our notes. With highlighting, annotating and underlining key points, we will be able to notice most important factors. Dating and numbering pages will also be helpful when organizing the lesions. Making notes on our own words helps to comprehend the lesion. There should be a space for critical comments as well as blank spaces. So I think that sort of thing can make a change in Note-making methods in near future.

Dolphins :: essays research papers

Dolphins   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dolphins are mammals closely related to whales and porpoises. Dolphins have a powerful and streamlined body. They are found in all seas and oceans. Dolphins can be told apart from porpoises by their nose, which is beaklike, and also their conical teeth. Porpoises have a flatter nose, sharper teeth, and a more solid body.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are 32 known species of dolphins. The bottle-nosed dolphin is often the species used in aquatic shows. The common dolphin inspired many Mediterranean folk lores. Both of the dolphins above appear in open waters, usually around cruise ships. They like to show off around the boat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are also freshwater dolphins that live in rivers of Asia and South America. The Buffeo dolphin has been spotted up to 1250 miles up he Amazon River. The buffeo is the smallest of all dolphins averaging about 4 feet. The bottlenose is closer to 10 feet. The killer whale, which is also considered a dolphin, can grow to be 30 feet long. The pilot whale is also considered a dolphin.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dolphins were once hunted by commercial boats for the small amount of oil that can be extracted from their body. This oil is used to lubricate small parts in watches. Cheaper oils have been found, so dolphins are not hunted for this reason anymore. Dolphins can be caught in tuna nets by accident. Since dolphins have to breath at the surface they drown in tuna nets. It is estimated that 4.8 million dolphins were killed in tuna nets from 1959 to 1972. Under pressure from animal rights activists tuna consumers will not accept tuna from canners that do not protect dolphins. Animal rights activists also believe that dolphins shouldn't be in captivity for use in aquatic shows.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dolphins eat a lot of food in a day, usually about one third of their body weight. A dolphin's diet consists of mostly fish and squid. Dolphins can swim very fast, so they are able to easily catch their food. The dolphin has 200 to 250 sharp teeth. Dolphins follow schools of fish in groups. The Pacific white-sided species is estimated to travel in groups with tens of thousands of members, while on the other hand bottlenose dolphins travel in groups that contain only a few members.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dolphin, like whales, breathe through a blowhole in the top of their head. While traveling dolphins break the surface once every two minutes. When dolphins exhale water is sometimes thrown from the blowhole. After exhaling the dolphins inhale and disappear into the ocean. A dolphins lungs are adapted to resist the physical problems that are caused by quick changes in pressure.

Theories of Group Formation

Theories of Group Formation Below is an explanation of the different models of group formation processes by Lewin, Tuckman, McGrath, and Gersick including the major features, steps, and characteristics. Tuckman (1965), stated these roles/processes are needed for group formation: Forming: Group members learn about each other, and the task at hand. Indicators of this stage might include: unclear objectives, confusion, and low morale. Storming: As group members continue to work, they will engage each other in arguments about the structure of the group which often are significantly emotional and illustrate a struggle for status in the group. Lack of cohesion marks this phase. Norming: Group members establish implicit or explicit rules about how they will achieve their goal. They address the types of communication that will or will not help with the task. Indicators include: Questioning performance, Reviewing/clarify objective, Changing/confirming roles, Opening risky issues, Assertiveness, Listening, Testing new ground, Identifying strengths and weaknesses. Performing: Groups reach a conclusion and implement the conclusion. Indicators include: Creativity, Initiative, Flexibility, and Open relationships. McGrath (1991), stated these roles/processes are needed for group formation: Mode I: Inception and acceptance of a project (goal choice) Mode II: Technical problem solving – solution of technical issues (means choice) Mode III: Conflict resolution – resolution of political issues conflict (policy choice) Mode IV: Execution – the performance requirements of the project (goal attainment) Unfreezing – this phase involves overcoming inertia and dismantling the existing â€Å"mind set†. Defense mechanisms have to be bypassed. Change – typically a period of confusion and transition. One is aware that the old ways are being challenged but does not have a clear picture to replace them yet. Freezing – the new mindset is crystallizing and one’s comfort level is returning to previous levels. Phase 1 – behavioral patterns and assumptions through which a group approaches its project emerges in its first meeting, and the group stays with the framework through the first half of its life. Teams may show little visible progress during this time because members are unable to perceive a use for the information they are generating until they revise the initial framework. Midpoint – at calendar midpoints, groups experience transitions-paradigmatic shifts in their approaches of their work enabling them to capitalize on the gradual learning they have done and make significant advances. This is an opportunity for the group to alter the course of its life midstream. Phase 2 – this is a second period of inertial movement, and takes its direction from plans crystallized during the transition. At completion, when a team makes a final effort to satisfy outside expectations, it experiences the positive and negative consequences of past choices. I see many roles that leaders need to provide in the group development process. A leader needs understanding of critical theories about how people learn, an understanding of patterns of discrimination and inequalities, and the benefits and liabilities associated with individual groups. Along with the ability to articulate his/her own philosophy of education, and use it to empower others’ active participation in their own transformation. According to Katzenbach and Smith (2005), effective working groups need little time to shape their purpose, since the leader usually establishes it. Despite the fact that many leaders refer to group reporting to them as a team, few groups really are. Leaders, however, should make sure the team succeeds in identifying specific purposes and goals. If the leader of a group wants to improve performance overall, he/she needs to find a way of the group taking shared ownership for the results. It is likely that a shift from individual responsibility to shared responsibility can only be achieved if the pay and reward system has a significant element that is dependent on the overall outcome. The knowledge, skills and attitudes of the leader may also need to shift significantly to be effective in this new environment. For example, a leader may need to share all of the individuals' results with the group. The group has the right to know how others are performing if their pay depends on it. This could be a challenging experience for a leader who has avoided the potential emotional stress that can be caused by this level of openness. Kozlowski and Bell (2003), stated that team training and leadership interventions have the potential to enhance team development, it is a process that generally unfolds naturally without intentional intervention. Thus the potential for improving team development and team effectiveness in many organizations is high. â€Å"However, team training and team leadership are key leverage points for enhancing the developmental process by intervening before or as teams are formed (team training) and as they proceed through the developmental rocess in the work setting (team leadership and coaching). † Kozlowski & Bell (2003). The theory that appeals to me the most is Tuckman’s theory of group formation. I believe I feel this way because it is most familiar to me, and have gone through the formal stages of forming, norming, storming, and performing. I was also a participant in a class called â€Å"How best to form your team†. This class went over these ideals that Tuckman me ntions. Refer ences Gersick, Connie J. G. (1988). Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development. Academy of Management Journal. Vol. 31, No. 1, 9-41. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database Katzenbach, Jon R. & Smith, Douglas K. (2005). The Discipline of Teams. The Harvard Business Review. July-August, 2005. pp. 162-171. Kozlowski, S. (2006). Group development. Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Retrieved from Sage e-References, Walden Library Kozlowski, S. W. J. , & Bell, B. S. (2003). Work groups and teams in organizations. In W. C. Borman, ed. , D. R. Ilgen, ed. , & R. J. Klimoski, ed. (Eds. ), ed. Handbook of psychology: Industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 12, pp. 333-375). London: Wiley. Lewin, K. (1999). Experiments in social space. Reflections, 1(1), 7-13. Retrieved from Business Source Premier database McGrath, J. E. (1991). Time, interaction, and performance (TIP): A theory of groups. Small Group Research, 22(2), 147-174. Retrieved from SAGE Management and Organization Studies Full Text Collection Tuckman, B. (1965). Development al sequence in small groups. Psychological Bulletin, 63(6), 384-399. Retrieved from PsycARTICLES database

An Inclusion Toolbox for the Full Inclusion Classroom Teacher